His work contains the papers of the Seventh Conference on « Antitrust between EC law and national law », organised by the European Lawyers Union - Union des avocats européens (UAE) in co-operation with the Associzione italiana per tutela della concorrenza, the Italian section of the Ligue International du Droit de la Concurrence (LIDC), which took place in Treviso on May 18 and 19, 2006. Some of the papers have been substantially reviewed and updated by their Authors just before publication. This work is the result of the commendable efforts made by contributors to study, describe and comment all major issues currently involving the European and Italian antitrust world. It includes the analysis of the effects of the « modernization » after two years from its enforcement, and focuses on relevant aspects of interim measures, commitments and leniency programs. Contributions also analyze and explain the Commission Discussion paper on Article 82, as well as all current issues concerning private enforcement and the application of antitrust law in regulated markets, such as the pharmaceutical, energy, banking and telecommunications ones.