This book contains eight chapters discussing curcumin and its role in health and disease. Chapter One evaluates curcumin’s role in cancer prevention. Chapter Two reviews curcumin’s function as a natural systemic disease modulator. Chapter Three looks at the effects of curcumin supplantation and exercise training on Alzheimer’s disease and age-associated cognitive decline. Chapter Four focuses on the antiviral effects of curcumin, with a special emphasis on COVID-19. Chapter Five examines green extraction techniques for curcumin, synthetic approaches, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-neoplastic effects. Chapter Six reviews the possible effects of immune responses to the preventive combined effects of exercise training and curcumin supplementation in chronic disease. Chapter Seven is a mini review of the essential therapeutic effects of curcumin. The eighth and final chapter examines the promises and challenges of curcumin in medical research.