Charalambos Kollias

Virtual standard setting became more popular since the global outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020. Standard setting practitioners needed to conduct either cut score studies and/or linking studies online. The research presented in this book predates Covid-19 and explores virtual standard setting in two e-communication media (audio and video) and then compares them to the face-to-face environment. The interplay of quantitative methods [i.e., classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement theory (RMT)] and qualitative methods [(i.e., constant comparative method (CCM), and media naturalness theory (MNT)] unravel Ariadnes thread into the labyrinth of virtual standard setting. Illustrative examples of how to conduct and evaluate a virtual workshop are offered to stimulate standard setting practitioners to embrace the opportunities of the virtual environment.