The knowledge of nature held by autochthonous and local communities has been the subject of international talks, notably on biodiversity, but has primarily been studied from an autochthonous angle. French experience of conserving and promoting local know-how, which is the subject of this book, is based on the notions of heritage and of terroirs. This original approach could feed international debate. The book is thus primarily intended for negotiators and political leaders, along with local players who may be interested by the global dimension of such know-how.