The application of big data analytics in all fields of research is a critical driver for the competitiveness of all countries in the modern world. Currently, governments and industry generate large amounts of data driven by record keeping, compliance, regulations, data privacy, and dynamic requirements, and thus there is a need to create better mechanisms to analyse data, and hence support organizational development, as well as providing aid to policymakers’ decision-making processes. In this context, there are emerging disruptive opportunities because of Big Data: new business models, and vertical industry segments will emerge through shared relationships with all the stakeholders, and big data analytics is a major asset to support these dynamic relationships. This book was developed with the objective of analysing some of those challenges while at the same time providing a perspective of the potential of big data analytics, and the importance that analytics have for managers and for policymakers, to help define new strategies and new public policies, respectively. The book is focused on different sectors of activity (i.e. the Health sector, Public Administration, the Education sector, among others), and on different economic dimensions (i.e. Entrepreneurship, and Innovation) and links big data analytics to different fields of research, such as artificial intelligence and other emergent technologies; which are challenging organisations, governments, and societies, with the need to face the new imperative of being prepared for the very uncertain and tremendously complex future - in which big data analytics will play a very decisive and active role.