Role of Sex and Gender in Aging and Longevity aims to shed light on the complex interplay between sex and gender differences in the aging process and longevity of individuals. While biological sex differences have long been recognized as influencing various aspects of aging, this book includes how gender also plays a significant role in shaping these processes, accelerating aging, or favoring longevity. By acknowledging the influence of both biological and socially constructed factors, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of why individuals may experience different aging trajectories and have divergent longevity outcomes. This book explores the intricate ways in which gender norms, roles, and expectations shape individual experiences of aging and delves into the social determinants of health that can interact with biological factors to influence the aging process and longevity outcomes. By examining these interactions, this book aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of aging and longevity and how sex and gender contribute to these complex phenomena, laying the groundwork for future aging research and providing significant implications for disease prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related conditions.• Explores the distinct significance of sex and gender and their interrelation with aging and longevity• Offers an in-depth overview of the sex- and gender-specific biological and medical aspects of human aging and longevity• Provides the tools required to understand the challenges posed by aging and longevity in individuals and how to approach solving them