Chapter 1 assesses (1) the status of the Army’s near- and long-term modernization efforts; and (2) the extent to which the Army has applied. Chapter 2 addresses the Army’s progress in: (1) establishing Army Futures Command, and (2) developing its near-term and long-term modernization strategies. Chapter 3 reports on Army readiness, skills shortages, equipment maintenance and modernization, acquisition, training, force structure. Chapter 4 assesses the extent to which the Air Force (1) had aircraft maintainer staffing gaps, (2) experienced attrition of maintainers and took steps to help retain maintainers, and (3) met its annual technical school completion rate goals for maintainers. Chapter 5 describes (1) how DOD currently facilitates public access to proceedings; (2) challenges the public faces in gaining access to or obtaining information on proceedings; and (3) what is known about potential options to address public access challenges, including any related tradeoffs.