This book, rooted in longevity science and anti-aging research, explores the multifaceted quest to extend human life and healthspan. It begins by unveiling aging''s biological underpinnings—cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and more—drawing from global studies, like those from the U.S. National Institute on Aging. It traces historical longevity pursuits, from alchemy to genomics, and highlights pioneering discoveries like telomere biology and sirtuin activation, with practical applications in diagnostics and therapies. The book delves into cellular foundations (DNA repair, autophagy), genetics (longevity genes, epigenetics), and lifestyle factors (nutrition, exercise), supported by research from institutions like Harvard and Japan’s University of Tokyo. It examines emerging drugs (senolytics, NAD+ boosters), regenerative therapies (stem cells, bioengineered organs), and technologies (AI, wearables) revolutionizing aging. Ethical, economic, and policy challenges—access disparities, overpopulation, healthcare costs—are analyzed alongside innovations from leading nations (U.S., Japan, China, EU). The book concludes with futuristic prospects like CRISPR, nanotech, and cryonics, offering a comprehensive vision of humanity’s longevity frontier.