Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the twenty-sixth publication in the Lecture Notes in Logic series, contains the proceedings of the ''Workshop and Conference on Logic, Algebra and Arithmetic'' held at the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM) in Tehran, Iran in October, 2003. These papers are mostly revised and expanded versions of those that were originally presented at the meeting and address all areas of mathematical logic. The book also includes a short history of mathematical logic in Iran.