A sweeping narrative history of Lenape Indian encounters with European settlers in the Delaware Valley in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, reissued with a new preface that discusses the complicated legacy of the nation's founding at its 250th anniversary for the Indigenous peoples of Pennsylvania and New JerseyIn 1631, when the Dutch tried to develop plantation agriculture in the Delaware Valley, the Lenape Indians destroyed the colony of Swanendael and killed its residents. The Native people and Dutch quickly negotiated peace, avoiding an extended war through diplomacy and trade. The Lenapes preserved their political sovereignty for the next fifty years as Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and English colonists settled the Delaware Valley. The European outposts did not approach the size and strength of those in Virginia, New England, and New Netherland. Even after thousands of Quakers arrived in West New Jersey and Pennsylvania in the late 1670s and '80s, the region successfully avoided war for another seventy-five years.Lenape Country is a sweeping narrative history of the multiethnic society of the Delaware Valley in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. After Swanendael, the Native people, Swedes, and Finns avoided war by focusing on trade and forging strategic alliances in such events as the Dutch conquest, the Mercurius affair, the Long Swede conspiracy, and English attempts to seize land. Drawing on a wide range of sources, author Jean R. Soderlund demonstrates that the hallmarks of Delaware Valley society-commitment to personal freedom, religious liberty, peaceful resolution of conflict, and opposition to hierarchical government-began in the Delaware Valley not with Quaker ideals or the leadership of William Penn but with the Lenape people, whose culture played a key role in shaping Delaware Valley society.The first comprehensive account of the Lenape people and their encounters with European settlers before Pennsylvania's founding, Lenape Country places Native culture at the center of this part of North America. This timely reissue features a new preface that discusses the complicated legacy of the nation's founding at its 250th anniversary for the Indigenous peoples of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, including where Philadelphia exists today.