This book focuses on clothing customs and their evolution in the Egyptian monastic environment of late antiquity and the early Arab period. It falls within the realm of studies on ancient societies as seen through their languages, material culture, daily life and religious practices. The research presented here contributes to a general discussion on the clothing worn in Egypt and its role as a social marker. The designations and forms of monastic vestments are explored through a meticulous lexicographical study and an investigation of the garments that have been preserved or are represented in iconography, in order to place them in the context of ancient "fashion" and to shed light on the technological changes that affected their production. The idea of a costume specific to the monastic rank seems to have appeared in Egyptian society in the middle of the 4th century. This "official" garb was reserved for special situations, such as participation in the liturgy, while "ordinary" garments were worn by the monk for everyday tasks and for sleeping. Considered separately, the elements that made up the "official" attire were commonly worn at this time (with the exception of the apron and scapular), and it was only when worn together that they distinguished a monk from a layman.