The present volume is the result of a team research which gathered biblical scholars, philologists, and historians of religions, on the issue of the multiple "Interpretations of Moses" inherited from the ancient mediterranean cultures. The concrete outcome of this comparative inquiry is the common translation and commentary of the fragments from the works of the mysterious Artapanus. The comparative perspective suggested here is not so much methodological, or thematic. It is first of all an invitation to cross disciplinary boundaries and to take account of the contributions of diverse cultures to the formation of a single mythology, in the case, a Moses mythology. With respect to Judea, Greece, Egypt or Rome, and further more an emerging christianity and its "gnostic" counterpart, the figure of Moses is at the heart of a cross-cultural dialogue the pieces of which, if they can be seperated for the confort of their specific study, mostly gain by being put together. Contributions by: Daniel Barbu, Rene Bloch, Philippe Borgeaud, Sabrina Inowlocki-Meister, Caterina Moro, Thomas Romer, Matthieu Smyth, Youri Volokhine, and Claudio Zamagni Ce volume est le fruit d'un travail d'equipe, qui a reuni des biblistes, des philologues, et des historiens des religions autour des multiples Interpretations de Moise que nous ont leguees les cultures de la Mediterranee antique. Le resultat pratique de cette enquete comparatiste culmine dans la traduction et le commentaire a douze mains des fragments du mysterieux Artapan, qui ouvrent le volume. Le comparatisme propose dans le present volume ne se veut ni methodologique ni thematique, mais vise d'abord a franchir les frontieres disciplinaires, tout en envisageant les apports culturels respectifs contribuant a la formation d'une mythologie, en l'occurrence celle de Moise. Entre la Judee, l'Egypte, la Grece, Rome, et bien-sur le christianisme naissant et l'univers gnostique qui l'accompagne, la figure de Moise est au c ur d'un dialogue, dont les pieces, si elles peuvent etre disjointes pour la commodite de l'etude, gagnent surtout a etre rapprochees.