The vast number of cattle and buffalo in India is crucial for the improvement of the socioeconomic status of millions of rural households and the countrys economy. The dairy industry has grown significantly in India, positively impacting the lives of those involved in it. With an increasing population, urbanization, and purchasing power, the demand for milk and dairy products is expected to rise. To meet domestic demand and generate exportable surplus, the growth rate in milk production must be accelerated.Several challenges require immediate attention, such as low productivity, breed improvement, feed and fodder shortages, emerging diseases, and limited technology adoption by farmers. This book will be of great use and assistance to students, dairy farmers and entrepreneurs, dairy industry personnel, academicians, researchers, and stakeholders in the Indian dairy sector.