Set within the growing literature on European economy in the late 18th and early 19th century, this book furnishes a "pre-history" to Norway's rapid structural transformation and accelerated economic growth after the mid-nineteenth century. It argues that Norway in the long 18th century benefitted from an export-led growth, which exploited its abundant natural resources. The income from exports fuelled a substantial increase in consumption among rural households, while "pluriactivity", a household strategy to balance market oriented production and consumption with self sufficiency in the insufficiently developed market succeeded in offering a "soft way" toward modern market society.