This edited volume includes seven chapters describing recent advancements in physics research from scientists around the world. Chapter One provides an insight into amino acid molecule fragmentation under low- and high-energy electron impact. Chapter Two introduces a new method for passive analysis of the molecular structure of the biomatrix of fungi in vivo. Chapter Three analyzes how width of measuring range affects accuracy of estimated values of thermoelastic and geometrical properties of semiconductors. Chapter Four summarizes modern developments in cosmology in connection with gamma ray bursts. Chapter Five gives a survey of the development of methods for the calculation of current density and eddy currents in a group of long solid parallel conductors. Chapter Six attempts to reconcile quantum field theory predictions with cosmological observations using unified dark energy models. Finally, Chapter Seven reviews alternative proposals to the CDM model of the universe.