Physicians have long pledged to adhere to four basic moral principles, a concise framework for the larger field of medical ethics. As is commonly known, those values consist of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. To advocate for these principles for our patients, medical professionals must first ensure patients have appropriate medical resources from which to glean information. This text serves to underscore this concept and advance the field of patient education. This updated 2nd edition of the text builds upon the knowledge in the first edition and is dedicated to our patients.