Since the liberalisation of air transport in the EU in the late 1980s, with the application of competition law to agreements and practices within the EU, and between EU and non-EU airlines since 2004, competition has intensifi ed and the industry has evolved, with the emergence of low cost carriers, greater consolidation between full service carriers through mergers and alliances, and most recently, convergence of business models as airlines respond to competitive pressures.
The enforcement of competition law has also increased within the EU - at EU and EU member state level and internationally.
This practical and thoroughly researched book, minimising the need for cross-referencing, is the only current comprehensive study of European competition law from the perspective of the airline industry.
Among the issues and topics covered are the following:
- - commercial agreements between airlines such as code-sharing, mergers and alliances and other joint ventures;
- - means of distribution such as computer reservation (or global distribution) systems and travel agents;
- - supply and distribution agreements;
- - abusive conduct by dominant companies including airports, airlines, or other companies;
- - cartels, including the Airfreight cartel case;
- - information exchange between competitors;
- - procedure, enforcement and private actions for damages;
- - state aid to airlines by Governments, through agreements between regional airports and low cost carriers, and aid to airports; and
- - subsidies by non-EU countries to airlines.
The author also gives an overview of the liberalisation process, the European Common Aviation Area, agreements with non-EU countries, latest developments (including Brexit) and ongoing trends.
As a practical guide to the application of competition law in relation to drafting commercial agreements, planning and structuring mergers and alliances, assessing existing agreements, or handling claims or disputes among airlines or airports, legal practitioners in the transport fi eld will fi nd this book to be of inestimable value, as will business persons at airlines and airports. For regulators, academics, and university libraries, this book will also prove itself indispensable.