Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: D - good, Bond University Australia (Law School), course: International Commercial Arbitration, language: English, abstract: While the discussion about vocational standards continues, numerousassociations have drafted competence and ethical standards for eithermediators or arbitrators as well as for both procedural methods. Ethical standards focus more on the procedural process and theduties and virtues of the leader of the procedure than on theoccupational competence standardization, such as codes of practice,benchmarks, agreements, models and exemplars which are the classical forms of standards for practices.5Codes of practice determine the vocational rules of a profession,which may contain penalty regulations for misconduct. Benchmarksare a set of options which orient on successful approaches which havebeen proved in a certain professional field. Agreements focus on the Agreement to Mediate which the parties voluntarily agree on whenusing ADR. Models are preconceived rules or assessing criteria, whichcan be adopted to centralize the standardization approach. Exemplarsare the collection and evaluation of successful ADR cases, which canbe optionally awarded.6Predominantly, ethical standards appear as an appendix of codes ofpractice, wherein certain etiquettes, virtues and qualities of theprocedural leader are determined. 5 NADRAC, A Framework for ADR Standards, p. 52-55. 6 NADRAC, A Framework for ADR Standards, p. 52-55.