Across the world, today child mortality is far less common than it once was. Yet, huge disparities remain and improving child survival is still a matter of urgent global concern. However, an emerging success story is that of Eritrea, located in Northeast Africa. Despite limited resources, an extremely difficult regional geopolitical context, and an array of daunting challenges, the young country has achieved remarkable progress on reducing child deaths. Eritrea’s child mortality story has largely gone unrecognized; this book helps to fill the gap. It traces the history of child mortality in the country and unpacks the multifaceted factors that have helped to drive its success. Guided by high-quality research conducted on the ground, presenting a comprehensive review of a wide range of historical and current materials, and full of the latest, up-to-date data, this book contributes greatly to deepening understanding of child mortality and Eritrea.