This monograph presents to the reader an extensive and comprehensive description of individual BMPs. Their role in signal transduction is presented. A more specific description of the historical background, classification with a clear understanding of its physiology and mechanism of action are elaborated upon. This monograph sequentially depicts all the recent evidence supporting the use of BMPs in therapeutic interventions concerning periodontal bony defects, implant dentistry, non-union fractures, and osteoporosis, with more emphasis on periodontal regeneration. This book also presents a clear understanding of the genetic components, including naturally occurring mutations in BMPs and related genes. Successful targeted treatments, presented with updated and varied options, stand as a remarkable finding in our book which we sincerely feel to be more appropriate, easy to understand and analytically useful for treating clinicians.