Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Archaeology, grade: 1,3, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (Institut fur Ur- und Fruhgeschichte), course: Neolithikum in Transilvanien, language: English, abstract: The Boian culture is a middle Neolithic culture originated in the south-east territory of today'sRomania. It is named after the eponym site at Lake Boian in Munteria, Romania. Members ofthe Boian culture can be considered as one the earliest farmers on European ground. The termBoian culture includes rich decorated pottery, an evolved lithic industry, a changingarchitecture and a Neolithic subsistence strategy. We ll face repeated burial rites with gravegoods, early metallurgy, bigger settlements than in the previous times and probably signs ofsocial- and gender differentiation. Research on the Boian culture and on the RomanianNeolithic in general comes from many different countries in Europe like Great Britain, Franceor Germany and is therefore written and published in different languages and influenced bydifferent schools. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the Boian findings, thehistory of research and tries to find an answer to the question what the Boian culture standsfor on the wide landscape of European Neolithic cultures.