Probabilistic methods are increasingly being used to complement deterministic methods in assessing the safety and ensuring the reliability of research reactors. Addressing features specific to research reactors, this publication suggests a practical approach for the development and implementation of a project using probabilistic methods in terms of objective, scope, data and modelling, as well as the application of results to enhance safety and reliability. This publication is intended to be used by operating organizations, regulatory bodies and technical support organizations when performing or reviewing research reactor assessments in which probabilistic methods are applied. It will ideally be read in conjunction with relevant IAEA Safety Standards Series publications and technical guidelines for safety analysis, operation and maintenance, and component reliability data for research reactors.