Mathematics education emerged as a self-sufficient topic of mathematics during the 1960’s, mainly with the ideas of G. Polya on using heuristic strategies for problem-solving. Since then it has rapidly developed and expanded to the study and research of the theory and practice of teaching and learning mathematics and of the transfer of mathematical knowledge in general. The present book illuminates some of the recent advances in mathematics education research. It consists of nine independent chapters and a shorter commentary, which can be grouped as follows: Problem solving, mathematical modelling and mathematical proof (Chapters 1, 3, 4); Digital tutoring activities (Chapters 5, 6 and Commentary); Analyzing mathematical testing results (Chapters 7, 8); Fuzzy assessment methods (Chapter 2); and Quality of education and economic growth (Chapter 9). It is hoped that this book will be interesting and useful for all those working and researching the field of mathematics education.