This book focuses on advances in material science research. Chapter 1 discusses types, applications, and health implications of fat replacers with a focus on the effects of hydrocolloids and oleogel on techno-functional characteristics of dairy foods. Chapter 2 is aimed at the synthesis and supramolecular properties of series of benzoateethynylene (BzE) oligomers bearing side chain substituents of a different nature in the BzE moieties. Chapter 3 explores the cutting-edge innovations in material science that are transforming medical dosimetry, with a focus on gamma-ray buildup factors, advanced simulation techniques, and the integration of 3D printing technologies. Chapter 4 analyzes environmentally sound binders for sustainable asphalt construction. Chapter 5 describes developing a drug delivery system based on 12-tungstosilicic acid (TSA) functionalized nanomeso MCM-48 for GLP delivery. Chapter 6 reviews the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric phases. Chapter 7 discusses the effect of LDPEgMAH on the physical mechanical properties of HDPE/EVA blends at different loading ratios. Chapter 8 focuses on fabrication and characterization of Au/Si/SnO2/Ag Diode for emerging solar cell windows. Finally, Chapter 9 provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in zinc oxide (ZnO) based piezoelectric nanomaterials, focusing on their production methods and characterization.