The current book consists of exceptional scientific contributions from seventy researchers affiliated with top research organizations. It begins by exploring plants utilized in the Sowa-Rigpa system of food and medicine, followed by the traditional medicinal uses of plants among the Khasi tribe residing in northeast India. This collection includes various research techniques that highlight methods for analyzing documented data, as well as procedures for scientifically validating findings. The book also discusses methods for assessing traditional knowledge of endangered plants, such as Hodgsoniaheteroclita, and the pharmacological applications of the family Asteraceae, among other ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological parameters used in current scientific research. Furthermore, the book covers several clinical topics, including plants used in relation to cancer, diabetes, skin disorders, and other aspects of human and animal health care. The book also highlights the use of plants as nutraceuticals and includes research on lianas, lichens, and the role of allylisothiocyanate as a bioprotective agent. The books focus on ethnobotanical trends and techniques, phytochemistry, biological activities, ethnopharmacology, and clinical studies adds significant value to the discovery of medicine formulations.